Proceso de Importación en EE.UU (Experiencia FOTW)

 Empresa importadora Estadounidense FOTW (Flowers of the World)
¿Como importar en EE.UU a partir de una experiencia ficticia?

Las mercancías sólo podrán ser introducidas por su titular, el comprador, o un agente de aduanas autorizado. Cuando se envíen las mercancías " a la orden, " el conocimiento de embarque, debidamente refrendado por el expedidor, puede servir de prueba de la derecha para hacer la entrada . Un documento de transporte aéreo puede ser utilizado para que la mercancía llegue por vía aérea.

En la mayoría de los casos, la entrada se hace por una persona o empresa certificada por la compañía de llevar la mercancía al puerto de entrada. Esta entidad (es decir, la persona o empresa certificada ) es considerado el " dueño" de las mercancías a efectos aduaneros . El documento emitido por el transportista a tal efecto se conoce como un "Certificado de Carrier . " En ciertas circunstancias, la entrada puede hacerse por medio de una factura duplicada de embarque o un recibo de envío. Cuando las mercancías no se importen con un portador común, la posesión de las mercancías por el importador en el momento de la llegada, se considerará prueba suficiente de la derecha para hacer la entrada .

Documentos de entrada

 Dentro de los 15 días naturales siguientes a la fecha en que llega un envío en un puerto de entrada de los EE.UU los documentos de entrada deben ser presentados en un lugar especificado por el director del puerto, Estos documentos son:

• Manifiesto de Entrada (CBP Form 7533 ) o en la Solicitud y Permiso Especial para

Entrega Inmediata ( CBP Form 3461 ) u otra forma de mercancía

liberar requerido por el director del puerto ,

• Evidencia de la derecha para hacer la entrada ,

• Factura comercial o una factura pro forma , cuando la factura comercial

no puede ser producido ,

• Las listas de embalaje , si procede,

 Otros documentos necesarios para determinar la admisibilidad de mercancías

En general, los oficiales de aduana en los Estados Unidos (PPQ Plant Protection and Quarantine) usan el certificado fitosanitario para realizar las siguientes acciones en el puerto de entrada: - Identificación del tipo de planta o producto de plantas. - Identificación del área en donde el producto ha sido tratado en el país de origen e identificar el tratamiento. - Determinar si los requerimientos de entrada se han llenado (estación de cosecha y requisitos de aduana). - Confirmar que las plantas y/o los productos de plantas llenan los requerimientos de certificación. - Determinar la muestra para inspección directa.

Permiso de entrada de plantas vegetales y sus productos es emitido por el Servicio de Salud Animal y Vegetal de los Estados Unidos (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA-APHIS-PPQ). Existen tres tipos de permisos:

- Permiso PPQ, forma 597: Permiso escrito que se utiliza para solicitar la entrada de plantas vegetales y sus productos. Usualmente lo realiza el importador en los Estados Unidos. La mayoría de flores frescas cortadas no requieren permiso de entrada; los otros productos del sector de plantas ornamentales y follaje si requieren permiso escrito.

- Permiso VS: Es un permiso escrito que se solicita para entrar material prohibido por la regulación de los estados Unidos. Regulaciones bajo la autoridad aduanal según manual, 7CFR 319.74.

- Permiso CITES: Se utiliza para solicitar la entrada de productos protegidos internacionalmente de acuerdo con la Convención Internacional de Comercio (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, CITES). 

Fuente: www.aphis.usda.gov./ppq/manuals. Cut Flowers and Greenery Manual.

Todo embarque, tanto de flores como de plantas ornamentales, es revisado en las aduanas de los Estados Unidos, para determinar la ausencia de plagas o enfermedades. 

Life after the commodity boom

Instead of the crises of the past, mediocre growth is the big risk—unless productivity rises
Mar 29th 2014 | LIMA | From the print edition
 Timekeeper 

ONE morning last month Louis Dreyfus, a big commodity-trading house, formally opened a new $10m storage depot in the Peruvian port of Callao. Two of its six bunkers were piled high with 55,000 tonnes of fine brown dust covered by white tarpaulins—copper and zinc concentrate, awaiting blending and shipment. The warehouse is “a bet that Peruvian mining will continue to be competitive,” says Gonzalo Ramírez, a Dreyfus manager. That looks like a sound wager. Blessed with high-grade ores and cheap energy, Peru’s output of copper—already the world’s third-largest—will more than double in the next three years (see article), thanks to the opening of several low-cost mines.

But rather than marking a new dawn, this burst of investment comes at the twilight of the great commodity boom occasioned by the industrialisation of China and India. By providing an unprecedented boost to the region’s terms of trade (the ratio of the price of its exports to that of its imports), this handed many Latin American countries a bounteous decade.


No longer. Oil and gas excluded, commodity prices are down by a quarter from their level of 2011, with prices of minerals falling by more than those of foodstuffs. After growing by an average of 4.3% in 2004-11, the region’s economies managed just 2.6% last year. Hopes of acceleration this year are being dashed. Brazil has had to raise interest rates sharply to contain inflation, and is unlikely to beat its 2013 growth of 2.3%. Mexico, although less commodity-driven than South America, is unlikely to do much better. Data suggest that Chile is growing at its slowest rate for four years. Even Peru, along with Panama the region’s star economy of the past decade, felt the cold draft: it expanded at 5% in 2013, down from an average of 7% since 2005.

Longer: Extenso

Since: Desde

Slowest: Muy lento

Data: Dato

Covered

Low cost: Bajo costo

http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21599782-instead-crises-past-mediocre-growth-big-riskunless-productivity-rises-life?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a

Mexico Reports Surprise April Trade Surplus on Manufacturing

Mexico reported its third trade surplus in a row in April, the longest streak in almost two years, as manufacturing exports surged, signaling the economy is recovering from a poor start to the year.

The surplus totaled $510 million last month, the national statistics agency said on its website today, more than estimated by any of the nine economists surveyed by Bloomberg, whose median projection was for a $433 million deficit. Foreign sales of manufactured goods, which accounted for 83 percent of exports last month, increased 7.1 percent from a year earlier, the most since September. Automotive exports rose 12 percent.

“The strong export rebound is behind this surprise, and this is positive for growth in the coming months,” Marco Oviedo, the chief Mexico economist at Barclays Plc, said in an e-mailed response to questions.

Today’s report supports predictions from the government and central bank that Latin America’s second-largest economy will improve in the second quarter, Oviedo said. Both institutions cut their 2014 growth forecasts last week after a slower-than-estimated recovery in the first three months of the year. President Enrique Pena Nieto has ended Mexico’s state oil monopoly and pushed through other industry overhauls to spur growth after the economy expanded less than analysts forecast in four of the past five quarters.

Export Rebound

The peso erased an earlier loss and was little changed at 12.8596 per U.S. dollar at 10:05 a.m. in Mexico City.

The increase in manufacturing exports was partly offset by a 21 percent drop in crude oil exports, the most since June 2012. Finance Minister Luis Videgaray said in an interview with Radio Formula on May 23 that low oil production is hindering the economy and that the overhaul pushed by Pena Nieto, which is in the process of being implemented, may help reverse a decline in output from state-owned Petroleos Mexicanos.

Total exports increased 3.7 percent in April from a year earlier, gaining for a third month after a contraction in January, when the economy in the U.S., the buyer of about 80 percent of Mexico’s exports, stalled amid harsh winter weather. The U.S. Federal Reserve said at its April meeting that economic activity has picked up since the winter slump at the start of the year.

Today’s report “suggests that external demand is recuperating,” Delia Paredes, an economist at Grupo Financiero Banorte SAB, said in an e-mailed research report.

Mexico’s light vehicle exports rose 9 percent to 202,328 in April as shipments advanced 19 percent to the U.S. and 67 percent to Canada, the Mexican Automobile Industry Association, an automakers trade group, said on May 7. Exports by General Motors Co. more than doubled last month while Honda Motor Co. and Mazda Motor Corp. began shipping cars from Mexican plants that opened earlier this year.


Overhaul: Revisión
Recovering: Recuperar
Buyer: Comprador
Hindering: Dificutar
Automaker: Ensamblador de carros

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-26/mexico-had-surprise-april-trade-surplus-on-manufacturing-growth.html